ÐÏࡱá>þÿ þÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿýÿÿÿþÿÿÿþÿÿÿ þÿÿÿþÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿRoot EntryÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÂÛÍ(â ΢šªJr mœ2ôÂÀMatOSTÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ mœ2ô mœ2ôÂMMÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿMN0ÿÿÿÿÔ%þÿÿÿþÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿNDþÿ ÿÿÿÿÂÛÍ(â ΢šªJrMicrosoft Works MSWorksWPDocô9²qþ•Sãã °T›ÐçÔ%€"œ"^ú"ú"ú"ú"  à=Ð/Ð8dú"ÿÿÿÿÐåt`$ú" #T Jamie Mitchell 9903274 Engineering Ethics 3J03 Engineering and the Military Where Do We Stand? Where Should We Stand? What are our current responsibilities? Responsibility to employer - More than just confidentiality Responsibility to country? - Is this important? Responsibility to public - Ensuring welfare and safety - Preserving the environment - Is this is our priority? Engineering and the Kipling Oath Key Passages: Engineers have made usable Nature's vast resources of material and energy for Mankind's benefit My skill carries with it the obligation to serve humanity by making the best use of Earth's precious wealth When needed, my skill and knowledge shall be given without reservation for the public good The Kipling Ceremony The purpose behind the Oath What is the Hippocratic Oath? - Classical: Stresses brotherhood - Modern: Stresses the art of medicine - Common theme is to ‘Do No Harm’ The Sons of Martha - One of Kiplings poems But simple service simply given to his own kind in their common need. Kiplings ritual is laced with ethical beliefs - Perhaps Kipling realized the path that humanity was taking Modern Engineering Ethics Code of Ethics gives us many values - Public good - Loyalty and honesty - Work to the best of ones ability Which value is our priority? When should I follow a certain value? - Many ethical dilemmas have already been solved What about the military? Military work puts three keys ethical principles at odds with each other - Ethical Paradox - Public Vs. Employer Vs. Ability All actions are interconnected If our most important duty is to uphold public safety then why are weapons still being designed? Misplaced Priorities United Nations study from 1998 found the following: Amount of money needed each year (in addition to current expenditures) - to provide water and sanitation for all people in developing nations $9 billion Amount of money needed each year (in addition to current expenditures) - to provide reproductive health care for all woman in developing countries $12 billion Amount of money needed each year (in addition to current expenditures) - to provide basic educaton for all people in developing nations $6 billion Amount of money spent each year on militaries worldwide $780 billion Why do we allow this to happen? Are weapons ultimately good for the public? Can help keep the peace The story of Edward Teller - Physicist - Involved with the Manhattan Project - Attributed with the creation of thermonuclear weapons - Advocated using nuclear weapons to ‘terraform’ the Earth - Feels that his discovery has saved the planet from destruction What do other Scientists/Engineers say? Oppenheimer - Head of the Manhattan project I am become Death, the Shatterer of Worlds. - Meeting with the President Russell - Philosopher and mathematician - Worked with Einstein to write the Russell-Einstein manifesto Shall we put an end to the human race; or shall mankind renounce war? - Urged world leaders to work towards global peace Einstein - worked on the Manhattan project - became a opponent of nuclear weapons I know not with what weapons World War III will be fought, but World War IV will be fought with sticks and stones. - Speaks to the fact that mankind can return civilization to the stone age The Military and Software Engineering Modern armies rely on computers - GPS, guided missiles Software has taught us that world is one community - what we do in North America can effect people around the world What if Software Engineers/Computer Scientists refused to do military work? - quality products would become scarce - new innovations in military technology would decrease What does history tell us? - SDI - 10,000 scientists and engineers boycotted all work on SDI - effectively shut down the project Engineers and the Hippocratic Oath Common reactions Is a legally binding oath the solution? Adjust the modern Code of Ethics Extend this attitude to civilian projects - Environmental issues Conclusion This is an emotional and philosophical issue Engineers as a world organization Decision to place the welfare of the planet before national or personal goals Questions? Refernces 1998 UNDP Report. (1999, January/February). Matters of Scale: Spending Priorities. . World Watch: Working for a Sustainable Future Nuclearfiles. (2003). The Russell-Einstein Manifesto. Retrieved March 12, 2003 from www.nuclearfiles.org/docs/1955/550709-russel-einstein.html PBS. (2003). NOVA Online, Survivor M.D. The Hippocratic Oath. Retrieved March 12, 2003 from www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/doctors/oath_modern.html PBS. (2003). NOVA Online, survivor M.D. The Hippocratic Oath. Retrieved March 12 2003, from www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/doctors/oath_classical.html Poetry Lovers Page. (2003). Complete Collection of Poems by Rudyard Kipling. Retrieved March 12, 2003 from www.poetryloverspage.com/poets/kipling/kipling_ind.html Sagan, C. (1996). The Demon-Haunted World: Science as a Candle in the Dark. New York, NY: Ballantine Books The Quotations Page. (2003). The Quotations Page. Retrieved March 18, 2003 from www.quotationspage.com University of Minnesota Duluth. (2003). The Order of the Engineering Ring Ceremony. Retrieved March 12, 2003 from www.d.umn.edu/cse/ooerc/oath.html Univeristy of Alberta. (2003). UofA Engineer Magazine Online. Retrieved March 12, 2003 from www.engineering.ualberta.ca/alumni_magazine/article_detail.ask?ID_article=32 ippocraties, father of mo(AIšâèDMpº÷“ — 2 {wqwkwek_q_qk_kqkq$<0$ 2 R T 7 f þ K„’øqôIv„Ž¬ysymymymymyie`ie\( $$0¬  E•˜¢Ñ$6@oÉÑÜ7JUh¡{w{s{w{s{w{s{w{n{w{s{( ¡¿Éó7LVsãåç{wsw{wswmw   "$&(ACEGIgioaZZZZZZQQQQQQQàà àÀ!àÀ!i}—™œž ÈÊÌéë13LNikvvvvvvvmmmmmmmmmmmmmmààk°²ÑÔÖØúüþsuwävvvvvvvvvvvvvvjvvað ddàäæèDFIKMOegik‰‹­¯ÖØvvjvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv ddà/1468MOQlnp¸º¼¾íïñ35vvvvvvvvvvvvpvvvvvvvvà58:UWY’”­¯Õ×Ùøúü$&_bdvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvàdf€‚„ÐÒÔéë57:Ÿ¡¤¦¼¾õvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvàõ÷• — ? A Û Ý 0 2 T V Y [ ˆ Š ¤ ¦ Ã Å Ô Ö  vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvà  F H Š Œ Ô Ö Ù    5 7 d f † ˆ ’ ” · vvvvvvvvvvvvvppjjjjjà· ¹ IK†ˆ‹‘œžÃÅôöøyypjjyyyypppppppppàømoqÃÅÈÊÌóõ÷79;qs»½vvvmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmàà½ÁÃÅFH‰‹¨ª³µùû"$&(*NvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvàNPRegi“•—º¼¾êì  MOvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvàORvx{ÌÎÐÒÔÖâåðòôx •$É7vvvvvvvvvvmmmmmvvvvvvàà7¡7áãåçvvvvvà2 ¬¡ç2345ikä5dõ · ø½NO7ç6789:;<=>?@ABCDTimes New RomanШ   à=Ð/Ð8  à=Ð/Ð8dCompObjÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿUÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ